- CAS – Channel
Associated Signaling - CCS – Common
Channel Signaling
no dedicated channel for signaling also called in band signaling.
24 voice channel (1.544Mbps)
sampling theorem sampling rate should be twice the maximum frequency of the
signal. We know that human voice range is 4Hz – 4kHz of frequency so to
reproduce the signal we must sample it twice i.e. 2*4KHz=8KHz=8000 sample/sec
& each channel is of 8 bits so channel rate is 8000*8=64Kbps)
is used for voice so how can we obtain
the singling. Here is the concept CAS in T1 use every last bit (Least Significant
Digit)of each channel of every 6th frame for signaling (not total
channel but only a bit).this is known as robbed bit signaling or RBS.
fig1
T1 CAS |
Super Frame sends 12 frame at a time.in SF we get 2 bits A,B for signaling
Loop Start |
Ground Start |
E&M |
- CH1 dedicated channel for framing
- CH17 for signaling
- CH2-16 & CH18-32 are dedicated for voice
so, E1 CAS is compatible with T1 CAS.one can able to convert E1 to T1 or vice-versa.
T – Carrier CCS & E – Carrier CCS
T1 in CCS à 23 voice channel + 1 signaling channel (1.544Mbps)
T1 in CCS uses 1 dedicated channel for signaling which operates at 64Kbps.
E1 in CCS à 30 voice channel + 2 dedicated signalling channel (2.048 Mbps)
E1 in CCS uses 1 dedicated channel for signaling(ch 17 in our diagram above) & 1 dedicated for sync purpose ch 1 (which is neither bearer(voice) ch nor data ch(signaling))
so, what is new in CCS ? answer is instead of using bits (A,B,C,D) CCS uses packets for exchanging short messages for signaling i.e it uses protocol for communication on signaling channel (64kbps)
some of the available protocols are ISDN & SS7(signaling system 7).
note here applications/protocols such as SS7 have the flexibility to define any of channel as signaling channel.
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